GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Statoil's Njord is light, low-sulfur crude
Statoil has developed Njord field with a floating steel platform, Njord A (photograph), which has an integrated deck with drilling and processing, as well as living quarters.
During the first phase of the field's life, oil was recovered with 11 production wells, while 4 injection wells reinjected natural gas to provide pressure support.
Altogether, about $193.2 million has been invested in equipment for gas export, while about $75.6 million has been invested in new production wells.
The field produces about 20,000 b/d of oil, while gas exports average 6 million cu m/day.
Transportation
Oil from Njord moves by pipeline from the platform to the storage vessel Njord Bravo, which is anchored next to the platform.
The vessel has oil storage capacity of 110,000 cu m and is anchored to a tower buoy, which in turn is fastened to the sea floor by an eight-point anchoring system.
The oil is then transferred from Njord Bravo to an oil tanker for transportation to market.
Gas from Njord field moves through a 40-km pipeline tied back to the Aasgard transport pipeline (OGJ, Jan. 18, 2010, p. 50). Aasgard transport links the field with the Karsto gas processing plant and to trunklines on to the European gas market.
Whole crude
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7941
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7944
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 46.6
Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7941
Sulfur, mass %: 0.048
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 60.0
Pour point, °C.: –15
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 2.42
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.79
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 185
Hydrogen sulfide, mass %: ND1
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.2
Sodium, mg/kg: 1.7
Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: <5
Wax content, mass %: <5.0
Flash point, °C.: <10
Water content, mass %: 0.01
Pentanes to 65° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 5.81
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.05
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6438
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6438
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 88.3
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 51.4
i-Paraffins, mass %: 41.6
Naphthenes, mass %: 5.6
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 1.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 52.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 42.1
Naphthenes, vol %: 4.7
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 1.0
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 110.9
Research octane no.: 74.6
Motor octane no.: 72.4
Research octane no.: 274.4
Motor octane no.: 272.2
65-90° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 5.67
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.21
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7135
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7136
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 66.8
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 30.4
i-Paraffins, mass %: 26.4
Naphthenes, mass %: 36.5
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 6.7
Benzene, mass %: 5.7
n-Paraffins, vol %: 32.6
i-Paraffins, vol %: 28.0
Naphthenes, vol %: 33.9
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 5.5
Benzene, vol %: 4.6
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 34.0
Research octane no.: 65.4
Motor octane no.: 63.4
Research octane no.: 265.2
Motor octane no.: 263.2
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
90-150° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 17.06
Yield on crude, vol %: 17.78
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7499
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7501
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 57.1
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 22.5
i-Paraffins, mass %: 24.3
Naphthenes, mass %: 40.3
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 12.9
Benzene, mass %: 0.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 24.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 25.6
Naphthenes, vol %: 39.1
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 11.1
Benzene, vol %: 0.4
Flash point, °C.: <10
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
150-180° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 6.97
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.15
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7741
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7744
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 51.2
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.01
n-Paraffins, mass %: 23.8
i-Paraffins, mass %: 28.5
Naphthenes, mass %: 32.3
Aromatics, mass %: 15.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 25.5
i-Paraffins, vol %: 29.5
Naphthenes, vol %: 31.2
Aromatics, vol %: 13.7
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 14.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 14.7
Diaromatics, mass %: <0.1
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 56.8
Smoke point, mm: 30.0
Flash point, °C.: 36.5
Freezing point, °C.: <–60.0
Cetane index (D-976): 34.1
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 39.4
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.10
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 0.77
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 158.7
180-240° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 13.09
Yield on crude, vol %: 13.04
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7973
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7976
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 45.9
Sulfur, mass %: 0.011
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 14.2
Monoaromatics, mass %: 11.8
Diaromatics, mass %: 2.4
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 1.38
Aniline point, °C.: 65.9
Smoke point, mm: 27.5
Freezing point, °C.: –50.5
Cloud point, °C.: <–49
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: <–51
Pour point, °C.: <–48
Cetane no.: 52.2
Cetane index (D-976): 46.7
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 48.6
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.85
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 1.18
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 202.8
240-320° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 17.17
Yield on crude, vol %: 16.44
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8296
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8300
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 39.0
Sulfur, mass %: 0.015
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 16.5
Monoaromatics, mass %: 10.6
Diaromatics, mass %: 5.7
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.2
Aniline point, °C.: 76.8
Cloud point, °C.: –15
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: –20
Pour point, °C.: –15
Cetane no.: 59.1
Cetane index (D-976): 55.0
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 60.1
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 4.86
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.51
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 5
Basic nitrogen, mass %: <0.001
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 270.8
320-375° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 8.25
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.71
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8499
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8503
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 34.9
Sulfur, mass %: 0.069
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 16.5
Monoaromatics, mass %: 11.2
Diaromatics, mass %: 3.9
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 1.4
Aniline point, °C.: 87.9
Watson K-factor: 12.1
Cloud point, °C.: 10
Cold-Filter Plugging Point, °C.: 10
Pour point, °C.: 12
Cetane no.: 63.1
Cetane index (D-976): 57.0
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 72.0
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 14.3
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 5.66
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 2.18
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 50
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.002
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.455
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 331.3
375-420° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 6.22
Yield on crude, vol %: 5.68
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8689
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8693
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 31.3
Sulfur, mass %: 0.094
Total aid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 97
Watson K-factor: 12.2
Pour point, °C.: 30
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 13.2
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 3.96
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 166
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.006
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.463
420-525° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 10.31
Yield on crude, vol %: 9.24
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8862
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8867
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 28.1
Sulfur, mass %: 0.134
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 104.2
Watson K-factor: 12.2
Pour point, °C.: 39
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 34.4
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 7.46
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 430
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.013
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.472
375°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 22.92
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.33
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8955
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8960
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 26.4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.171
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 104.5
Watson K-factor: 12.2
Pour point, °C.: 42
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: 1.6
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.5
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: <0.1
Ash, mass %: <0.001
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 18.0
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 10.5
Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.2
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.9
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 870
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.026
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.479
525°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 6.39
Yield on crude, vol %: 5.41
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 30.9384
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9389
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 19.2
Sulfur, mass %: 0.316
Aniline point, °C.: 111.3
Watson K-factor: 12.1
Pour point, °C.: 33
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: 5.9
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.5
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: <0.3
Ash, mass %: <0.001
Kin. vis. at 80° C., cst: 183
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 75.7
Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.5
Nickel, mg/kg: 3.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 2,170
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.053
Penetration at 25° C., mm: >300
Composition, mass %
Normal paraffins
Methane: <0.01
Ethane: 0.04
Propane: 0.53
Butane: 1.84
Pentane: 2.24
Hexane: 1.99
Heptane: 1.84
Octane: 1.72
Nonane: 1.45
Total n-paraffins: 11.65
C4 hydrocarbons
i-Butane: 0.43
C5 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylpropane: <0.01
i-Pentane: 1.43
Total C5 i-paraffins: 1.43
Naphthenes
Cyclopentane: 0.19
C6 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylbutane: 0.04
2,3-Dimethylbutane: 0.12
2-Methylpentane: 1.03
3-Methylpentane: 0.60
Total C6 i-paraffins: 1.80
Naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane (incl. 2,2-Dimethylpentane): 0.86
Cyclohexane: 1.41
Total C6 naphthenes: 2.27
Aromatics
Benzene: 0.49
C7 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane: <0.01
3,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.02
2,4-Dimethylpentane: 0.09
2-Methylhexane: 0.60
2,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.14
3-Methylhexane: 0.63
Total C7 i-paraffins: 1.48
Naphthenes
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.19
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.18
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.35
Methylcyclohexane: 2.50
Ethylcyclopentane: 0.09
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.14
Total C7 naphthenes: 3.45
Aromatics
Toluene: 1.04
C8 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane: <0.01
2,5-Dimethylhexane: 0.08
2,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.10
3,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
3,3-Dimethylhexane: 0.03
2,3-Dimethylhexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 0.13
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane: <0.01
2-Methylheptane: 0.66
4-Methylheptane: 0.20
3-Methylheptane: 0.39
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane: 0.01
Total C8 i-paraffins: 1.63
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane (incl. 2,2-Dimethylhexane): 0.14
trans, cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.12
trans,cis-1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.11
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.20
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.08
trans-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.03
cis-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.03
trans-1-Methyl-2-ethylcyclopentane: 0.07
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.25
2-Propylcyclopentane: 0.02
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.10
Ethylcyclohexane: 0.87
1-Propylcyclopentane: <0.01
cis,cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.02
1-Methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane: 0.02
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 0.55
Total C8 naphthenes: 2.60
Aromatics
Ethylbenzene: 0.20
m- & p-Dimethylbenzene (m-xylene): 0.92
o-Dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene): 0.28
Total C8 aromatics: 1.40
C9 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
3,5-Dimethylheptane: 0.15
4-Methyloctane: 0.20
2-Methyloctane: 0.26
3-Methyloctane: 0.31
2,3,4-Trimethylhexane: <0.01
Unidentified paraffin: 0.06
Total C9 i-paraffins: 0.97
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.18
1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane: 0.07
1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclohexane: 0.21
1-Methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane: 0.14
1,1,4-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.09
Unidentified naphthenes: 0.05
Total C9 naphthenes: 0.74
Total identified: 31.56
Total unidentified: 0.03
Total C10+: 68.41
Editor's note: Statoil's assay report contained the following: "A commercial assay was carried out on a representative sample of the crude. The contents of this report are for guidance only and Statoil accepts no responsibility for any errors that it may contain."
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