GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Assays of two Venezuelan crudes differ significantly

    June 9, 1997
    Two important Venezuelan crude oils from Venezuela's Anzo tegui state have been assayed. Heavy Merey has an API gravity of 15° and contains 2.7 wt % sulfur, and Leona has an API gravity of 24° and a sulfur content of 1.5 wt %. Leona, discovered in 1938, has 29 producing wells. According to the Journal's most recent survey of worldwide crude production, 1995 average production was 3,170 b/d (OGJ, Dec. 30, 1996, p. 37). Merey, discovered in 1937, has 26 production wells, and
    Anne K. Rhodes
    Refining/Petrochemical Editor

    Two important Venezuelan crude oils from Venezuela's Anzo tegui state have been assayed. Heavy Merey has an API gravity of 15° and contains 2.7 wt % sulfur, and Leona has an API gravity of 24° and a sulfur content of 1.5 wt %.

    Leona, discovered in 1938, has 29 producing wells. According to the Journal's most recent survey of worldwide crude production, 1995 average production was 3,170 b/d (OGJ, Dec. 30, 1996, p. 37). Merey, discovered in 1937, has 26 production wells, and produced an average of 1,027 b/d in 1995 (total about 26, 702).

    Both crudes are produced in eastern Venezuela, then travel by pipeline to loading facilities at Puerto La Cruz (map). Both are produced by Petroleos de Venezuela SA subsidiary Corpoven SA.

    Oil & Gas Journal published assays of Leona and Merey in the 1980s (OGJ, Oct. 24, 1983, p. 88). Leona has changed little in the 14 years since the assays were last published. Merey, on the other hand, has become considerably heavier (14.7° API now, compared to 17.4° in 1983). In addition, Merey's sulfur content has increased to 2.74 wt % from 2.2 wt %.

    Leona
    Puerto La Cruz,
    Anzo tegui, Venezuela

    Whole crude Gravity, °API: 24 Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.91 Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 31.47 Kin. visc. @ 122° F., cSt: 19.2 Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 13.07 Mercaptan S, ppm: 18.4 Sulfur, wt %: 1.52 Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: -20 Flash pt., °F.: -23 Rvp, psi: 3.66 Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.45 Asphaltenes, wt %: 4.78 Total nitrogen, ppm: 3,205 UOP K factor: 11.7 Concarbon residue, wt %: 7.05 V/Ni, ppm: 139/42 Na/Al, ppm: 5.3/<5

    Range, °F.: IBP-68
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 0.51 (0.59)

    Range, °F.: 68-212
    Gravity, °API: 71.3
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 4.22 (5.49)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.6977
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 104
    5 vol % recovered: 127
    10 vol % recovered: 131
    30 vol % recovered: 147
    50 vol % recovered: 162
    70 vol % recovered: 178
    90 vol % recovered: 196
    End point: 201
    Mercaptan S, ppm: <1
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.002
    Rvp, psi: 9.43
    RON (clear): 70.3
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 65.19
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 27.46
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 7.12
    Normal paraffins, wt %: 34.58
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 5.58

    Range, °F.: 212-302
    Gravity, °API: 53.7
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 5.56 (6.62)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.764
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 223
    5 vol % recovered: 235
    10 vol % recovered: 241
    30 vol % recovered: 248
    50 vol % recovered: 255
    70 vol % recovered: 264
    90 vol % recovered: 279
    End point: 284
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 3
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.004
    Rvp, psi: 1.84
    RON (clear): 50
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 44.37
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 32.87
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 22.72
    Normal paraffins, wt %: 56.59
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.19

    Range, °F.: 302-392
    Gravity, °API: 46.4
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 5.41 (6.18)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7964
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 313
    5 vol % recovered: 325
    10 vol % recovered: 327
    30 vol % recovered: 334
    50 vol % recovered: 340
    70 vol % recovered: 349
    90 vol % recovered: 363
    End point: 370
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.00
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.06
    Rvp, psi: 1.08
    RON (clear): 49.8
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 40.27
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 28.16
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 31.04
    Normal paraffins, wt %: 59.2
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.26

    Range, °F.: 392-482
    Gravity, °API: 38.8
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.04 (7.70)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8309
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 412
    5 vol % recovered: 421
    10 vol % recovered: 423
    30 vol % recovered: 428
    50 vol % recovered: 433
    70 vol % recovered: 442
    90 vol % recovered: 455
    End point: 460
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 1.66
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 1.23
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 8.3
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.2
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: <0.01
    Aromatics, wt %: 25.8
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4594
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.35
    Smoke pt., mm: 22
    Freeze pt., °F.: -22
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): 7
    Aniline pt., °F.: 138
    Cetane no.: 39
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 41.52

    Range, °F.: 482-572
    Gravity, °API: 33.1
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.82 (8.28)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8597
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 457
    5 vol % recovered: 498
    10 vol % recovered: 504
    30 vol % recovered: 509
    50 vol % recovered: 515
    70 vol % recovered: 523
    90 vol % recovered: 534
    End point: 540
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 3.26
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 2.04
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1.12
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.1
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.75
    Cloud pt., °F.: -15
    Flash pt., °F.: 230
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
    Aromatics, wt %: 34.9
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4759
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.69
    Smoke pt., mm: 14
    Freeze pt., °F.: 21
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L1.0
    Aniline pt., °F.: 143.5
    Cetane no.: 43.2
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 44.67

    Range, °F.: 572-650
    Gravity, °API: 29
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.60 (7.84)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8816
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 556
    5 vol % recovered: 577
    10 vol % recovered: 581
    30 vol % recovered: 590
    50 vol % recovered: 594
    70 vol % recovered: 599
    90 vol % recovered: 608
    End point: 612
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 6.7
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 3.85
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1.83
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 12.4
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.15
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 15
    Cloud pt., °F.: 16
    Flash pt., °F.: 290
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.06
    Aromatics, wt %: 38.8
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4883
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.73
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 321
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L1.0
    Aniline pt., °F.: 152.5
    Cetane no.: 45.8
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 44.78

    Range, °F.: 650-756
    Gravity, °API: 24.4
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 10.28 (10.26)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9071
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 673
    5 vol % recovered: 685
    10 vol % recovered: 692
    30 vol % recovered: 714
    50 vol % recovered: 721
    70 vol % recovered: 739
    90 vol % recovered: 797
    End point: 824
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 10.6
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4.04
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.54
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 60
    Flash pt., °F.: 400
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.408
    Aromatics, wt %: 45.8
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4879
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.08
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,108
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L2.0
    Aniline pt., °F.: 161
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 39.51
    V/Ni, ppm: 8.2/<10

    Range, °F.: 756-862
    Gravity, °API: 21
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.08 (8.87)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9273
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 711
    5 vol % recovered: 736
    10 vol % recovered: 754
    30 vol % recovered: 788
    50 vol % recovered: 806
    70 vol % recovered: 833
    90 vol % recovered: 885
    End point: 914
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 25.5
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 7.32
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.6
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 90
    Flash pt., °F.: 425
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.559
    Aromatics, wt %: 50.2
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4972
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.15
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,634
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L3.5
    Aniline pt., °F.: 171
    Concarbon residue, wt %: <0.05
    V/Ni, ppm: 8.1/<5

    Range, °F.: 862-968
    Gravity, °API: 18.6
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 8.15 (7.72)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9549
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 795
    5 vol % recovered: 831
    10 vol % recovered: 844
    30 vol % recovered: 874
    50 vol % recovered: 901
    70 vol % recovered: 927
    90 vol % recovered: 957
    End point: 979
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 81.5
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 76.5
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.76
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 105
    Flash pt., °F.: 485
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.654
    Aromatics, wt %: 58.2
    Refractive index (N75): 1.5077
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.36
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,391
    Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L6.0
    Aniline pt., °F.: 177
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.12
    V/Ni, ppm: 9.4/<5

    Range, °F.: 650+
    Gravity, °API: 12.3
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 61.84 (57.00)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.984
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 689
    5 vol % recovered: 709
    10 vol % recovered: 730
    30 vol % recovered: 840
    50 vol % recovered: 977
    70 vol % recovered: 1,031
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 93
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.32
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 75
    Flash pt., °F.: 485
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.475
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 8.08
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 4,959
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 11.59
    V/Ni, ppm: 223/63
    Na/Al, ppm: 6.3/<10

    Range, °F.: 756+
    Gravity, °API: 10.2
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 51.56 (46.74)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9986
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 741
    5 vol % recovered: 793
    10 vol % recovered: 822
    30 vol % recovered: 923
    50 vol % recovered: 1,031
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 318
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.49
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 95
    Flash pt., °F.: 555
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.595
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 9.52
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 5,245
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 13.74
    V/Ni, ppm: 267/76 Range, °F.: 862+
    Gravity, °API: 8.5
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 42.48 (37.87)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0107
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 808
    5 vol % recovered: 874
    10 vol % recovered: 900
    30 vol % recovered: 1,006
    50 vol % recovered: 1,029
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1,276
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.65
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 110
    Flash pt., °F.: 615
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.621
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 11.42
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 7,298
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 16.3
    V/Ni, ppm: 319/87

    Range, °F.: 968+
    Gravity, °API: 5.7
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 34.33 (30.15)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0313
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 8,786
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.7
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 140
    Flash pt., °F.: 705
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.653
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 14.81
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 8,104
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 20.31
    V/Ni, ppm: 367/102

    Merey
    Puerto La Cruz,
    Anzo tegui, Venezuela

    Whole crude Gravity, °API: 14.7 Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9679 Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 992.1 Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 38.8 Mercaptan S, ppm: 52.5 Sulfur, wt %: 2.74 Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 10 Flash pt., °F.: 98 Rvp, psi: 2.00 Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.957 Asphaltenes, wt %: 8.68 Total nitrogen, ppm: 5,068 UOP K factor: 11.5 Concarbon residue, wt %: 11.21 Ash, wt %: 0.058 V/Ni, ppm: 303/84 Na/Al, ppm: 25/<5

    Range, °F.: IBP-212
    Gravity, °API: 65.6
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 1.00 (1.36)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7179
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 135
    5 vol % recovered: 160
    10 vol % recovered: 163
    30 vol % recovered: 174
    50 vol % recovered: 189
    70 vol % recovered: 194
    90 vol % recovered: 207
    End point: 259
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 4.72
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.011
    Rvp, psi: 6.82
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 51.86
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 37.39
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 10.71
    Refractive index (N75): 1.3985
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 5.90

    Range, °F.: 212-302
    Gravity, °API: 52.7
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 1.87 (2.36)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7682
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 217
    5 vol % recovered: 237
    10 vol % recovered: 243
    30 vol % recovered: 256
    50 vol % recovered: 265
    70 vol % recovered: 268
    90 vol % recovered: 277
    End point: 318
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 3.29
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.014
    Rvp, psi: 1.99
    RON (clear): 64.6
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 42.97
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 36.31
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 20.80
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4287
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.48

    Range, °F.: 302-392
    Gravity, °API: 44.2
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 2.49 (2.99)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8054
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 291
    5 vol % recovered: 320
    10 vol % recovered: 320
    30 vol % recovered: 333
    50 vol % recovered: 342
    70 vol % recovered: 352
    90 vol % recovered: 370
    End point: 394
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 10.2
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.017
    Rvp, psi: 1.77
    RON (clear): 55.0
    PNA paraffins, wt %: 33.37
    PNA naphthenes, wt %: 32.95
    PNA aromatics, wt %: 30.85

    Refractive index (N75): 1.445
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.13

    Range, °F.: 392-482
    Gravity, °API: 36.1
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 4.72 (5.41)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8443
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 388
    5 vol % recovered: 414
    10 vol % recovered: 417
    30 vol % recovered: 424
    50 vol % recovered: 433
    70 vol % recovered: 442
    90 vol % recovered: 457
    End point: 473
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 1.79
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 1.27
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 4.7
    Sulfur, wt %: 0.39
    Cloud pt., °F.: -74
    Flash pt., °F.: 166
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
    Aromatics, wt %: 20.6
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4639
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.43
    Smoke pt., mm: 20
    Freeze pt., °F.: <-76
    Color stability (Bef./Aft. 48hr @ 100° C.): 0.5/1.0
    Cetane no.: 35.5
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 36.76

    Range, °F.: 482-572
    Gravity, °API: 30.7
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 6.47 (7.16)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8745
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 417
    5 vol % recovered: 491
    10 vol % recovered: 504
    30 vol % recovered: 507
    50 vol % recovered: 514
    70 vol % recovered: 522
    90 vol % recovered: 538
    End point: 550
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 3.68
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 2.25
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.7
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.03
    Cloud pt., °F.: -44
    Flash pt., °F.: 230
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.52
    Aromatics, wt %: 32.9
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4814
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.85
    Smoke pt., mm: 15
    Freeze pt., °F.: 10.4
    Color stability (Bef./Aft. 48hr @ 100° C.): 0.5/1.5
    Aniline pt., °F.: 134
    Cetane no.: 38.5
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 40.28

    Range, °F.: 572-650
    Gravity, °API: 25.9
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 6.14 (6.60)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8990
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 466
    5 vol % recovered: 574
    10 vol % recovered: 576
    30 vol % recovered: 588
    50 vol % recovered: 594
    70 vol % recovered: 601
    90 vol % recovered: 613
    End point: 626
    Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 7.99
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 4.17
    Mercaptan S, ppm: 20.6
    Sulfur, wt %: 1.69
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: -10
    Cloud pt., °F.: -5
    Flash pt., °F.: 262
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.80
    Aromatics, wt %: 57.2
    Refractive index (N75): 1.4958
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.12
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 187
    Aniline pt., °F.: 136
    Cetane no.: 39.2
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 40.43
    Concarbon residue, wt %: <0.05

    Range, °F.: 650-756
    Gravity, °API: 20.6
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 12.46 (13.0)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9303
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 605
    5 vol % recovered: 640
    10 vol % recovered: 667
    30 vol % recovered: 700
    50 vol % recovered: 702
    70 vol % recovered: 723
    90 vol % recovered: 763
    End point: 792*
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 14.99
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4.76
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.29
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 50
    Flash pt., °F.: 405
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.10
    Aromatics, wt %: 49.7
    Refractive index (N75): 1.499
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.40
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 997
    Aniline pt., °F.: 145
    Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 35.25
    V/Ni, ppm: 8.9/<2

    Range, °F.: 765-862
    Gravity, °API: 17.1
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.86 (10.06)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9522
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 676
    5 vol % recovered: 718
    10 vol % recovered: 750
    30 vol % recovered: 797
    50 vol % recovered: 801
    70 vol % recovered: 829
    90 vol % recovered: 860
    End point: 894*
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 57.7
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 11.9
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.41
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 80
    Flash pt., °F.: 450
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.37
    Aromatics, wt %: 54.8
    Refractive index (N75): 1.5105
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.51
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,833
    Aniline pt., °F.: 154
    Concarbon residue, wt %: <0.05
    V/Ni, ppm: 9/<2

    Range, °F.: 862-968
    Gravity, °API: 14.5
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.19 (9.21)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9692
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 781
    5 vol % recovered: 831
    10 vol % recovered: 865
    30 vol % recovered: 905
    50 vol % recovered: 905
    70 vol % recovered: 923
    90 vol % recovered: 954
    End point: 977*
    Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 263.9
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 33.2
    Sulfur, wt %: 2.60
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 90
    Flash pt., °F.: 530
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.67
    Aromatics, wt %: 65.6
    Refractive index (N75): 1.5227
    Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.62
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,869
    Aniline pt., °F.: 160
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.56
    Ash, wt %: 0.001
    V/Ni, ppm: 9.9/<2

    Range, °F.: 650+
    Gravity, °API: 8.0
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 77.31 (74.12)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0143
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 651
    5 vol % recovered: 696
    10 vol % recovered: 730
    30 vol % recovered: 849
    50 vol % recovered: 1,000
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 588.4
    Sulfur, wt %: 3.34
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 95
    Flash pt., °F.: 505
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.09
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 10.98
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 6,380
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 14.93
    Ash, wt %: 0.080
    V/Ni, ppm: 391/104
    Na/Al, ppm: 30/<0.1

    Range, °F.: 756+
    Gravity, °API: 6.2
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 64.85 (61.12)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0275
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 747
    5 vol % recovered: 793
    10 vol % recovered: 831
    30 vol % recovered: 858
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4,160.5
    Sulfur, wt %: 3.4
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 135
    Flash pt., °F.: 580
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.03
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 13.91
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 7,509
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 18.3
    Ash, wt %: 0.096
    V/Ni, ppm: 448/123

    Range, °F.: 862+
    Gravity, °API: 4.4
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 54.99 (51.06)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0412
    ASTM distillation, °F.-
    IBP: 828
    5 vol % recovered: 873
    10 vol % recovered: 910
    Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 22,208
    Sulfur, wt %: 3.44
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 165
    Flash pt., °F.: 675
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.78
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 15.33
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 8,384
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 21.48
    Ash, wt %: 0.112
    V/Ni, ppm: 522/141

    Range, °F.: 968+
    Gravity, °API: 2.6
    Yield, wt % (vol %): 45.80 (41.85)
    Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0552
    Sulfur, wt %: 3.51
    Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 205
    Flash pt., °F.: 760
    Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.65
    Asphaltenes, wt %: 19.38
    Total nitrogen, ppm: 9,466
    Concarbon residue, wt %: 25.63
    Ash, wt %: 0.132
    V/Ni, ppm: 600/176

    * 95 vol % recovered

    Copyright 1997 Oil & Gas Journal. All Rights Reserved.

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