GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Statoil updates Aasgard Blend assay

Statoil recently published an update to its 2009 assay of Aasgard Blend (OGJ, Jan. 18, 2010, p. 50), a commingling production from Smorbukk, Smorbukk South, Midgard, Mikkel, Kristin, Yttergryta, and Tyrihans fields in the Norwegian Sea.

Whole crude

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7920
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7923
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 47.1
Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7918
Sulfur, mass %: 0.189
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 66.8
Pour point, °C.: –21
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 2.13
Kinematic viscosity at 40° C., cst: 1.44
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 300
Hydrogen sulfide, mass %: ND1
Vanadium, mg/kg: 1.5
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.2
Sodium, mg/kg: 17.0
Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: 55.0
Wax content, mass %: <5.0
Flash point, °C.: <10.0
Water content, mass %: 0.06
Mercury, μg/kg: 25.0

Pentanes to 65° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.32
Yield on crude, vol %: 8.80
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6469
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6469
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 87.2
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 48.6
i-Paraffins, mass %: 43.5
Naphthenes, mass %: 5.9
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 2.0
n-Paraffins, vol %: 49.4
i-Paraffins, vol %: 44.1
Naphthenes, vol %: 5.0
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 1.5
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 104.1
Research octane number: 75.1
Motor octane number: 72.6
Research octane number, 274.9
Motor octane number, 272.4

65-90° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 6.97
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.52
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7202
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7204
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 64.9
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 26.2
i-Paraffins, mass %: 24.7
Naphthenes, mass %: 40.4
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 8.7
Benzene, mass %: 8.1
n-Paraffins, vol %: 28.5
i-Paraffins, vol %: 26.5
Naphthenes, vol %: 38.0
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 7.1
Benzene, vol %: 6.6
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 33.4
Research octane number: 67.3
Motor octane number: 65.3
Research octane number: 267.1
Motor octane number: 265.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

90-150° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 20.19
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.69
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7589
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7591
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 54.9
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 20.4
i-Paraffins, mass %: 21.1
Naphthenes, mass %: 38.6
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 19.9
Benzene, mass %: 0.5
n-Paraffins, vol %: 22.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 22.4
Naphthenes, vol %: 37.9
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 17.4
Benzene, vol %: 0.5
Flash point, °C.: <10
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

150-180° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.08
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.15
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7836
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7839
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 49.0
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
n-Paraffins, mass %: 20.8
i-Paraffins, mass %: 26.1
Naphthenes, mass %: 29.4
Aromatics, mass %: 23.7
n-Paraffins, vol %: 22.5
i-Paraffins, vol %: 27.4
Naphthenes, vol %: 28.7
Aromatics, vol %: 21.4
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 22.0
Monoaromatics, mass %: 22.0
Diaromatics, mass %: <0.1
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.01
Aniline point, °C: 49.3
Smoke point, mm: 24.0
Flash point, °C.: 40.5
Freezing point, °C.: <–60
Cetane index (D-976): 30.7
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 35.4
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.08
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 0.77
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 160.0

180-240° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 11.98
Yield on crude, vol %: 11.76
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8068
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8071
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 43.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.011
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 20.6
Monoaromatics, mass %: 17.1
Diaromatics, mass %: 3.5
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphtalenes, vol %: 2.23
Aniline point, °C.: 59.7
Smoke point, mm: 22.5
Freezing point, °C.: –50.0
Cloud point, °C.: <–51
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: <–51
Pour point, °C.: <–48
Cetane number: 49.4
Cetane index (D-976): 43.1
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 44.2
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.82
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 1.16
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 203.1

240-320° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 14.86
Yield on crude, vol %: 14.00
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8407
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8411
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 36.7
Sulfur, mass %: 0.098
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 23.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 13.9
Diaromatics, mass %: 9.5
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.3
Aniline point, °C.: 71.0
Cloud point, °C.: –17
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: –21
Pour point, °C.: –18
Cetane number, 57.0
Cetane index (D-976): 50.9
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 54.5
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 4.74
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 2.45
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 12
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.001
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 259.7

320-375° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.36
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.73
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8656
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8660
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 31.9
Sulfur, mass %: 0.384
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 24.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 13.6
Diaromatics, mass %: 8.0
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 3.1
Aniline point, °C.: 82.1
Watson K-factor: 11.9
Cloud point, °C.: 11
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: 10
Pour point, °C.: 12
Cetane number: 62.1
Cetane index (D-976): 52.3
Calculated cetane index: 64.6
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 15.4
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 5.90
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 2.23
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 170
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.005
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.464
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 334.3

375-420° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 5.02
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.50
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8837
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8842
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 28.5
Sulfur, mass %: 0.439
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aniline point, °C.: 92.0
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 30
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 14.8
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 4.18
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 430
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.012
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.473

420-525° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 8.67
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.61
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9015
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9020
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 25.4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.570
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Aniline point, °C.: 96.5
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 42
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 39.9
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 9.01
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 830
Basic nitrogen mass, %: 0.023
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.484

375°+ C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 20.04
Yield on crude, vol %: 17.31
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9171
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9176
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 22.7
Sulfur, mass %: 0.731
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 96.0
Watson K-factor: 11.9
Pour point, °C.: 45
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 3.05
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.50
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 1.3
Ash, mass %: 0.009
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 90.8
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 13.0
Vanadium, mg/kg: 7.6
Nickel, mg/kg: 1.0
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1,450
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.035
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.496

525°+ C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 6.35
Yield on crude, vol %: 5.20
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 30.9678
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9684
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 14.6
Sulfur, mass %: 1.147
Aniline point, °C.: 99.3
Watson K-factor: 11.7
Pour point, °C.: 33
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 11.2
Asphaltenes, mass %: 1.3
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 5.0
Ash, mass %: 0.048
Kinematic viscosity at 80° C., cst: 363
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 131
Vanadium, mg/kg: 24.0
Nickel, mg/kg: 4.4
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 3,060
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.072
Penetration at 25° C., 0.1 mm: >300

Composition, mass %Normal parraffins

Methane: <0.01
Ethane: 0.01
Propane: 0.48
Butane: 2.34
Pentane: 2.70
Hexane: 2.28
Heptane: 1.96
Octane: 1.71
Nonane: 1.32
Total n-paraffins: 12.80

C₄ hydrocarbons

i-Butane: 0.67

C₅ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylpropane: 0.01
i-Pentane: 1.95
Total C₅ i-paraffins: 1.97
Naphthenes
Cyclopentane: 0.24

C₆ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylbutane: 0.05
2,3-Dimethylbutane: 0.17
2-Methylpentane: 1.26
3-Methylpentane: 0.73
Total C₆ i-paraffins: 2.21
Naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane
(incl. 2,2-Dimethylpentane): 1.23
Cyclohexane: 1.72
Total C₆ naphthenes: 2.95
Aromatics
Benzene: 0.76

C₇ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane: <0.01
3,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.02
2,4-Dimethylpentane: 0.08
2-Methylhexane: 0.61
2,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.18
3-Methylhexane: 0.68
Total C₇ i-paraffins: 1.57
Naphthenes
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.23
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.22
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.43
Methylcyclohexane : 2.77
Ethylcyclopentane : 0.15
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.13
Total C₇ naphthenes: 3.93
Aromatics
Toluene: 1.92

C₈ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane: <0.01
2,5-Dimethylhexane: 0.08
2,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.09
3,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
3,3-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
2,3-Dimethylhexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 0.10
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane: 0.02
2-Methylheptane: 0.65
4-Methylheptane: 0.19
3-Methylheptane: 4<0.01
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane: 0.01
Total C₈ isoparaffins: 1.19
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane (incl. 2,2-Dimethylhexane): 0.14
trans, cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.11
trans, cis-1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.11
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.21
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.06
trans-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.04
cis-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.03
trans-1-Methyl-2-ethylcyclopentane: 0.10
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.22
2-Propylcyclopentane: 0.02
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.11
Ethylcyclohexane: 0.57
1-Propylcyclopentane: 0.28
cis,cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: <0.01
1-Methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane: <0.01
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 40.88
Total C₈ naphthenes: 2.87
Aromatics
Ethylbenzene: 0.36
m-Dimethylbenzene (m-xylene): 0.96
p-Dimethylbenzene (p-xylene): 0.36
o-Dimethylbenzene (o-xylene): 0.42
Total C₈ aromatics: 2.10

C₉ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

3,5-Dimethylheptane: 0.17

4-Methyloctane: 0.15

2-Methyloctane: 0.24

3-Methyloctane: 0.30

2,3,4-Trimethylhexane: <0.01

Unidentified paraffin: 0.08

Total C₉ i-paraffins: 0.95

Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.18
1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane: 0.08
1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclohexane: 0.19
1-Methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane: 0.11
1,1,4-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.08
Unidentified naphthenes: 0.07
Total C₉ naphthenes: 0.70
Total identified: 36.81
Total unidentified: 0.13
Total C₁₀₊: 63.06

¹ND = not detectable; HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography; DVPE = dry vapor pressure equivalent. ²Corrected in accordance with EN 228. ³Calculated density for 525°+ fraction. ⁴Not possible to distinguish between 3-Methylheptane and cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane.

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