Despite relaxation of transport constraints in the Permian basin, a slowdown in oil-production growth in US shale plays will continue, says Fitch Solutions Macro Research.
The firm cites oil-price stability, caution by exploration and production companies, and weakening allure of oil and gas in capital markets.
Fitch notes that the US Energy Information Administration expects Permian basin shale production to grow by 16.7% in August after increasing by 44.7% in August last year. And it says similar trends are evident in the Bakken and Eagle Ford plays.
Bottlenecks easing
Transport bottlenecks in the Permian basin, often cited as the reason for the production-growth slowdown, have been easing.
Expansion of Plains All American’s Sunrise Pipeline and conversion of the Enterprise Product Partners Seminole-Red natural gas liquids line to crude service eased transportation constraints and helped the price of West Texas Intermedia crude oil increase to nearly the WTI price at Cushing, Okla., this year.
But Fitch notes signs of new crude price weakness in the region.
“With the next major capacity additions not slated to come online until the end of third-quarter 2019, the summer months could see another squeeze on takeaway capacity and, consequently, production growth,” it says.
Due online this year are the 400,000-b/d EPIC, 670,000-b/d Cactus, and 900,000-b/d Gray Oak pipelines.
Fitch does not expect the capacity additions to return production growth to its 2018 high, partly because 2018 growth occurred against a low base.
The firm expects growth in total US shale liquids production of 9.4% this year and 6.9% in 2020, compared with 15.7% last year.
It also expects “significant downward revision this month” to its current projections for the average annual WTI price: $63/bbl in 2019 and $69/bbl in 2020.
Those prices remain well above break-even prices reported by shale producers of $48-54/bbl.
“However, these represent the average and not the marginal prices, which are more important for setting the pace of growth,” the firm notes.
Furthermore, gains in well productivity and operational efficiency since the crude-price collapse of 2014 “are not inexhaustible.”
Fitch says signs have emerged of diminishing well productivity, “reflecting growing issues with well interference as the number of child wells eclipses parent wells in the Permian, the main engine of US growth.”
While further cost savings are possible through leasehold consolidation and “industrialization of shale production processes,” especially as the roles of major and large independent companies grow, “we believe prices will be a constraining factor for growth over second-half 2019 and 2020,” Fitch says.
Volume vs. value
And companies have shifted emphasis from production growth to investment value since 2014.
Even so, the producing industry continues to rely heavily on external financing from sources becoming wary.
“This could further drag on growth as financial conditions deteriorate,” Fitch says.
A drop of more than 50% in debt and equity issuance by US exploration and production companies in first-half 2019 from first-half 2018 is part of a trend only partly explained by increased capital discipline and deleveraging.
“It likely also reflects less appetite to lend to the sector at previous, more favorable rates,” Fitch says. “Sentiment around the oil and gas sector is weak in general, with concerns over long-term sustainability blending into concerns over shorter-term price pressures.”
