Pigging

In-line inspection of a subsea crude-oil pipeline not designed for pigging took place last summer in Singapore. In July, a 48-in., 5.2-km pipeline used to unload crude oil from tankers at Shell …

… according to the Chinese calendar, is the Year of the Pig. This was a good omen for the sender, a company involved in pipeline pigging . Pigs have featured heavily this year for British Gas plc. A live pig and press accusations of piggish behavior enlivened …

… current offshore pipeline installation technology for pipe size (up to 40 in.), water depth (to 540 m), distance between pigging stations (up to 800 km), and complex seabed intervention and landfall construction. Furthermore, the number of deepwater …

… natural gas in March 1999. DEPA performed a pigging operation on the first 12 km of the Greek ..... Bulgarian territory and performed a series of pigging operations on both sides of the border ..... distribution, taking samples from debris of pigging operations or from filters’ deposits …

… assessing the effect on pipeline end-life of enhanced pigging operations, reduced chemical injection, or the ..... e.g., chemical treatment vs. replacement, pigging vs. not pigging ) and more easily identify their cost benefits …

… launched dewatering pigs using a 48-in. diameter ball valve. The temporary trap was rated at 50 barg (Fig. 5). Permanent pigging equipment was excluded from pipeline precommissioning to avoid damage. The four FCG pigs, eight dewatering pigs, and the …

… transient conditions as rate changes, pigging , and shut-in and restart and used the ..... addition, for both rate-change and pigging simulations, either large slug-catcher ..... conditions for the slug catchers than pigging , if separator drain rates were limited …

… slow flow rates and optimization of the pigging program. Microbial corrosion modeling ..... in-field pipelines, operational pigging , and water cut control. An intelligent ..... unmitigated microbial corrosion. An intelligent pigging program led to replacement of one infield …