Based on a sample taken May 1, 2009, BP PLC published an updated assay of crude oil from Cusiana field in Colombia. The new assay reveals a crude lighter than initially marketed (OGJ, Dec. 11, 1995, p. 71).
BP relinquished operation of adjacent fields Cupiagua and Cupiagua Sur in the Llanos basin last summer when Colombia state owned Ecopetrol SA assumed direct operation of them after 28 years of joint operation with BP affiliates and others (OGJ, July 12, 2010, p. 32).
BP continues to operate the northern section of Cusiana, which has been governed by the Santiago de las Atalayas Association contract, in which Ecopetrol held 50% of the production interest, BP Exploration Co.-Colombia and BP Santiago Oil Co. held 31%, and Tepma held the remaining 19%. That arrangement will end in 2016.
With Cusiana, Cupiagua and Cupiagua Sur fields were the largest finds made in Colombia and among the world's largest discoveries in the 1990s. BP in late 1992 disclosed that Cusiana field contained an estimated 1.3-2 billion bbl of oil and condensate and 2-3 tcf of gas.
Cusiana was the largest discovery BP had made for more than 2 decades. Cusiana and Cupiagua, 15 km apart and 160 km north of Bogota, were declared commercial in May 1993. Cusiana began commercial production in late 1994.
Whole crude
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 41.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8056
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.11
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0001
Vis. at 20° C., cst: 2.44
Vis. at 30° C., cst: 2.04
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.74
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 1.50
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 1.31
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 0.85
Pour point, °C.: -3.0
Wax, wt %: 10.0
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 232
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 68
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.595
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.212
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 2.4
Nickel, ppm (wt): 0.8
Iron, ppm (wt): 1.1
C2, wt %: 0.01
C3, wt %: 0.29
i-C4, wt %: 0.61
n-C4, wt %: 1.51
i-C5, wt %: 2.29
n-C5, wt %: 1.91
C5 to 95° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 13.59
Yield on crude, vol %: 16.10
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6781
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.002
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0021
Research octane no.: 68.3
Paraffins, wt %: 77.0
n-Paraffins, wt %: 25.4
Naphthenes, wt %: 19.9
Aromatics, wt %: 3.1
95-175° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 21.493
Yield on crude, vol %: 22.32
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7738
Sulfur, ppm: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0003
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0052
Research octane no.: 53.9
Paraffins, wt %: 44.7
n-Paraffins, wt %: 17.8
Naphthenes, wt %: 29.9
Aromatics, wt %: 25.4
C5 to 149° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 28.91
Yield on crude, vol %: 32.12
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7234
Sulfur, ppm: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0002
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0034
Research octane no.: 63.2
Paraffins, wt %: 59.1
n-Paraffins, wt %: 21.4
Naphthenes, wt %: 26.5
Aromatics, wt %: 14.4
149-232° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 17.524
Yield on crude, vol %: 17.60
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8004
Sulfur, ppm: 0.002
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0003
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.09
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 0.86
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0085
Aromatics, vol %: 22.05
Smoke point, mm: 23
Freezing point, °C.: -57
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 39.8
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4241
Naphthalenes, vol %: 2.0
232-342° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 23.815
Yield on crude, vol %: 22.42
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8537
Sulfur, ppm: 0.076
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0001
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.66
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 1.27
Cloud point, °C.: -12
Pour point, °C.: -13
Wax, wt %: 7.0
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 23.0
Basic nitrogen, wt %: 7
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0165
Smoke point, mm: 16
Freezing point, °C.: -10
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 50.1
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4535
Aromatics, vol %: 21.49
Aromatics, wt %: 24.6
Naphthalenes, vol %: 10.5
342-369° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 4.969
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.56
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8751
Sulfur, ppm: 0.216
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 6.77
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 2.47
Cloud point, °C.: 21.0
Pour point, °C.: 19.0
Wax, wt %: 27.0
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 136
Basic nitrogen, wt %: 40
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.021
Aniline point, °C.: 84.9
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 62.9
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4633
369-509° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 16.607
Yield on crude, vol %: 15.12
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8825
Sulfur, ppm: 0.239
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 14.4
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 5.22
Pour point, °C.: 40
Wax, wt %: 33.5
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 435
Basic nitrogen, wt %: 141
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0186
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.002
Aniline point, °C.: 98.0
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4714
509-550° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 1.804
Yield on crude, vol %: 1.56
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9295
Sulfur, ppm: 0.424
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 83.3
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 18.7
Wax, wt %: 23.4
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,220
Basic nitrogen, wt %: 381
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0181
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.106
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.114
Aniline point, °C.: 107.3
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4962
550-585° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 1.053
Yield on crude, vol %: 0.89
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9535
Sulfur, ppm: 0.544
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 203.0
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 35.10
Wax, wt %: 19.6
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,680
Basic nitrogen, wt %: 502
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.0178
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.957
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.421
Aniline point, °C.: 108.7
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