Agbami field off Nigeria—the country's largest deepwater producing field, according to Statoil—began producing oil in July 2008 and was to reach plateau production of 250,000 bo/d by late last year (OGJ Online, Aug. 1, 2008). Total estimated reserves are about 900 million boe.
It has been developed with subsea wells at about 1,500 m connected to a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel and is operated by Chevron in licenses OML 127 and OML 128, about 68 miles off Nigeria.
Statoil holds a 53.85% interest in OML 128. The Agbami FPSO is the world's largest, says Statoil, designed to store about 2.2 million bbl of oil and to remain on station for more than 20 years.
Statoil's interest in Agbami is 18.85%, operator Chevron has a 68.15% interest, and Petrobras holds the remaining 13%.
Whole crude
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 47.2Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7918Total sulfur, wt %: 0.044Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 14.0H2S, ppm (wt): <1Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 471Reid vapor pressure, psi: 9.17Flash point (PM), °C.: Neut. no., mgm KOH/gm: 0.01Vis. at 20° C., cst: 2.2Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.90K factor: 12.0Pour point, °C.: 3.0Micro carbon residue, wt %: 0.64Salt as NaCl, g/bbl.: 32.5BS&W, vol %: 0.05Vanadium, ppm (wt): 1.0Nickel, ppm (wt): 2.0Iron, ppm (wt): 3.0C2 & lighter (GC), vol % (liq): 0.12 C3 (GC), vol % (liq): 1.28i-C4 (GC), vol % (liq): 1.40n-C4 (GC), vol % (liq): 2.49i-C5 (GC), vol % (liq): 1.99n-C5 (GC), vol % (liq): 1.95C6+ (GC), vol % (liq): 90.77Light naphtha (i-C5 to 82.2° C.)
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 78.4
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6741
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.0005
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 1.0
H2S, ppm (wt): <1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.1
Reid vapor pressure, psi: 10.18
Paraffins, vol % : 81.0
Naphthenes, vol %: 17.1
Aromatics, vol %: 1.9
Research octane no. (clear): 67.7
Motor octane no. (clear): 70.3
Int. naphtha (82.2-129.4° C.)
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 60.6
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7366
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.0006
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2.0
H2S, ppm (wt): <1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.1
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): <1
Paraffins, vol % : 51.2
Naphthenes, vol %: 42.8
Aromatics, vol %: 6.0
Research octane no. (clear): 57.5
Motor octane no. (clear): 54.8
Heavy naphtha (129.4-176.7° C.)
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 53.5
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7649
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.005
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2.5
H2S, ppm (wt): <1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.8
Paraffins, vol % : 60.3
Naphthenes, vol %: 25.8
Aromatics, vol %: 13.9
Freeze point, °C.: No FP@–731
Smoke point, mm: 25
Light kerosine (176.7-218.3° C.)
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 49.7
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7809
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.009
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 1.9
H2S, ppm (wt): <1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1.8
Paraffins, vol % : 62.9
Naphthenes, vol %: 27.5
Aromatics, vol %: 9.6
Freeze point, °C.: –45.2
Smoke point, mm: 20
Cloud point, °C.: –43.9
Flash point (TC), °C.: 29.4
Cu stri-p corrn. 3 hr@100° C.: 4A
Cetane (engine): 48.3
Naphthalanes, vol % : 0.31
Heavy kerosine (218.3-260.0° C.)
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 43.3
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8095
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.019
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 5.4
Aromatics, vol %: 9.5
Freeze point, °C.: –23.1
Smoke point, mm: 16
Cloud point, °C.: –26.1
Flash point (PM), °C.: 78.9
Neut. no., mgm KOH/gm: 0.01
Cu stri-p corrn. 3 hr@100° C.: 4A
Cetane (engine) : 49.5
Naphthalanes, vol % : 3.39
Vis. at –20° C., cst: 9.30
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.97
Lt. atm. gas oil (260-301.7° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C.: 41.3
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C.: 0.8189
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.030
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 39
Basic Nitrogen, ppm (wt): 30
Cloud Point, °C.: 1.7
Pour Point, °C.: –3.0
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 12.4
Freeze point, °C.: –0.7
Smoke point, mm: 20
Flash point (PM), °C.: 98.9
Bromine no.: 0.5
Cetane number (engine): 67.6
Cetane index (calculated): 60.2
Viscosity, cst at 40.0° C.: 3.21
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 1.28
Neut. number, mg KOH/g: 0.04
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4355
Hvy. atm. gas oil (301.7-343.3° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C: 37.7
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 0.8363
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.070
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 158
Basic Nitrogen, ppm (wt): 86
Cloud Point, °C.: 13.9
Pour Point, °C.: 0.0
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 10.3
Freeze point, °C.: 16.4
Smoke point, mm: 22
Flash point (PM), °C.: 126.7
Bromine no.: 1.4
Cetane number (engine): 70.0
Cetane index (calculated): 59.8
Viscosity, cst at 40.0° C.: 5.27
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 1.79
Neut. number, mg KOH/g: 0.08
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4442
Motiva note on sample This crude oil sample was obtained from Texaco Deep Star's Agbami-2 well, off Nigeria, on Dec. 26, 1999. It was sampled at the Stock Tank Separator Oil Line, DST-1, on the Glomar Explorer and represents production from the 16.5_AG_10 sand formation. The four sample containers were labeled 1.18, 1.26, 1.38, and 1.39, respectively. The individual samples were composited for assay. |
Lt. vac. gas oil (343.3-390.6° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C: 34.0
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 0.8550
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.117
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 480
Basic Nitrogen, ppm (wt): 207
Cloud Point, °C.: 26.1
Pour Point, °C.: 25.0
Total aromatics (iatro), wt %: 14.3
Polar aromatics (iatro), wt % : 2.2
Bromine no.: 2.3
Cetane index (calculated): 57.7
K factor: 12.1
Viscosity, cst at 40.0° C.: 9.13
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 2.57
Viscosity index: 112
Neut. number, mg KOH/g: 0.19
Micro. carbon residue, wt %: 0.0
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4538
Int. vac. gas oil (390.6-482.2° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C.: 25.5
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 0.9013
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.218
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,584
Basic Nitrogen, ppm (wt): 560
Cloud Point, °C.: 41.1
Pour Point, °C.: 38.0
Total aromatics (iatro), wt %: 23.8
Polar aromatics (iatro), wt % : 4.0
Bromine no.: 5.0
Cetane index (calculated): 44.7
K factor: 12.0
Viscosity, cst at 40.0° C.: 45.79
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 6.34
Viscosity, cst at 121.1° C.: 29.28 @ 50° C.
Viscosity index: 81
Neut. number, mg KOH/g: 0.13
Micro. carbon residue, wt %: 0.13
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4819
Hvy. vac. gas oil (482.2-565.6° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C: 15.4
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 0.9632
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.296
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 4,681
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,317
Cloud point, °C.: >48.9
Pour point, °C.: 43.3
Total aromatics (iatro), wt %: 64.8
Polar aromatics (iatro), wt % : 23.3
Bromine no.: 12.4
K factor: 11.7
Viscosity, cst at 40.0° C.: 770.33
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 31.13
Viscosity cst at 121.1° C.: 369.2@50° C.
Viscosity index: 50
Neut. number, mg KOH/g: 0.10
Micro. carbon residue, wt %: 21.03
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.5247
Vanadium, ppm (wt): <1
Nickel, ppm (wt): <1
Iron, ppm (wt): 1
Nacl, ppm (wt): 0.5
Vac. residuum (565.6-EP° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C: 3.8
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 1.0458
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.466
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 4,800
Pour point, °C.: >48.9
K factor: ≈11.5
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 17030.0
Viscosity cst at 121.1° C.: 2190.7
Viscosity cst at 148.9° C.: 310.4
Micro. carbon residue, wt %: 227.00
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 11.0
Nickel, ppm (wt): 105.0
Iron, ppm (wt): 344.0
Nacl, ppm (wt): 1.78
Pentane insolubles, wt %: 15.38
Toluene insolubles, wt %: 0.02
n-Heptane insolubles, wt %: 6.29
Asphaltenes, wt %: 6.27
Lt. vac. residuum (343.3-EP° C.)
API gravity @ 15.6° C: 24.9
Specific gravity @ 15.6° C: 0.9047
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.164
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 2,407
Pour point, °C.: 35.0
Viscosity, cst at 40° C.: 57.79
Viscosity, cst at 100° C.: 7.83
Viscosity cst at 121.1° C.: 36.9 @ 50°
Neut. no., mg KOH/g: 0.14
Micro. carbon residue, wt %: 3.06
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 5.0
Nickel, ppm (wt): 15.0
Iron, ppm (wt): 48.0
Notes
1"No FP @ –73" signifies that no freeze point formed before the minimum test temperature of –73° C. was reached. 2Calculated value.
The Agbami FPSO can hold up to 2.15 million bbl and, when it was built, was one of the largest of its type, according to Agbami-field operator Chevron, which also says Agbami's location will allow for coload opportunities with heavier West African grades. (Photo from Chevron USA Inc.)
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