Low-sulfur Ormen Lange condensate arrives in multiphase (natural gas, condensate, water, and monoethylene glycol) through two 30-in., nearly 75-mile pipelines on the western Coast of Norway. Onshore processing is at Nyhamna on Gossen island in the municipality of Aukra (OGJ Online, Sept, 13, 2007).
A single train at the 70-million cu m/day (nearly 2.5 bcfd) gas plant stabilizes the condensate and sends it to storage in a specially built rock cavern to await transportation to markets via vessel. The cavern holds as much as 180,000 cu m.
At project start-up for Ormen Lange in 2007, the company estimated natural gas reserves at 397 billion cu m (about 14 tcf) and 182 million bbl. The company expected peak delivery rates to be reached this year: 70 million cu m/day of gas and 50,000 b/d of condensate.
Condensate as crude loaded out from Nyhamna is running at about 30,000 b/d, according to Statoil. The produced crude is lighter than the current assay, it says.
Partners in Ormen Lange are Statoil (28.9%), Shell (operator; 17.1%), Petoro (36.5%), Dong (10.3%), and ExxonMobil (7.2%).
Whole crude
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.749
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 57.3
Sulfur, mass %: 0.01
Total acid no., mg KOG/g: 0.1
Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 59.0
Pour point, °C.: –36
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.10
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 0.826
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1.0
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.0006
Wax content (Shell), mass %: 1.2
Wax content (non-Shell), mass %: 1.2
Congealing point wax, °C.: 51
UOP K-factor: 12.2
Wax content, mass %: 1.2
Atmospheric distillation
Pentanes to 65° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 10.0
Yield on crude, vol %: 11.6
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.647
n-Paraffins, mass %: 29.0
Total paraffins, mass %: 92.7
Naphthenes, mass %: 7.3
Research octane no.: 77.0
Motor octane no.: 76.0
65-100° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 18.3
Yield on crude, vol %: 18.9
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.723
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: 2
Paraffins, mass %: 47.1
n-Paraffins, mass %: 30.0
Naphthenes, mass %: 51.5
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 1.3
Research octane no.: 58.0
Motor octane no.: 55.0
100-150° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 23.6
Yield on crude, vol %: 23.3
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.754
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: 2.0
Sulfur, mass %: 0.002
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.01
Research octane no.: 50.0
Motor octane no.: 49.0
Paraffins, mass %: 46.6
Naphthenes, mass %: 42.4
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 11.0
n-Paraffins, mass %: 14
150-200° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 15.2
Yield on crude, vol %: 14.6
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.776
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.25
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: 4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.005
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
Paraffins, mass %: 61.9
Naphthenes, mass %: 25.1
n-Paraffins, mass %: 37
Aromatics (FIA*), vol %: 12
Naphthenes, vol %: 0.04
Smoke point, mm: 33.0
Freezing point, °C.: <–62
Cetane index (IP-218/84): 49
Refractive index @ 20° C.: 1.4303
UOP K-factor: 12.0
200-250° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 12.9
Yield on crude, vol %: 12.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.799
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.68
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: 2
Sulfur, mass %: 0.01
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.04
Aromatics (FIA*), vol %: 11
Naphthenes, vol %: 0.79
Smoke point, mm: 31.0
Freezing point, °C.: –36
Aromatics (IP391), mass %: 9
Cloud point, °C.: –34
Cetane no.: 58
Cetane index (IP-218/84): 56
Refractive index @ 20° C.: 1.4414
UOP K-factor: 12.1
250-300° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 8.9
Yield on crude, vol %: 8.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.818
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 2.96
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: 2
Sulfur, mass %: 0.02
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 4
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.06
Aromatics (FIA*), vol %: 11
Naphthenes, vol %: 1.09
Smoke point, mm: 28.0
Freezing point, °C.: –9
Aromatics (IP391), mass %: 11
Cloud point, °C.: –9
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: –11
Cetane no.: 61
Cetane index (IP-218/84): 62
Refractive index @ 20° C.: 1.4517
UOP K-factor: 12.2
300-350° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 4.8
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.3
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.830
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 5.13
Sulfur, mass %: 0.03
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 8
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.09
Aromatics (IP391), mass %: 13
Cloud point, °C.: 14
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 13
Cetane no.: 65
Cetane index (IP-218/84): 68
Refractive index @ 20° C.: 1.4625
UOP K-factor: 12.3
350-370° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 1.0
Yield on crude, vol %: 0.9
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.835
Kin. vis. at 40° C., cst: 8.22
Sulfur, mass %: 0.03
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 9
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.12
Cloud point, °C.: 27
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 24
Cetane index (IP-218/84): 75
Refractive index @ 20° C.: 1.4718
UOP K-factor: 12.5
370°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 1.8
Yield on crude, vol %: 1.6
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.844
Density at 70° C., kg/l.: 0.805
Kin. vis. at 60° C., cst: 8.95
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 3.71
Sulfur, mass %: 0.04
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 12
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.14
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 21
Wax content (Shell), mass %: 31
Wax content (non-Shell), mass %: 32
Congealing point wax, °C.: 56
Refractive index @ 70° C.: 1.4628
Molecular mass: 393
UOP K-factor: 12.7
Ring index, mass %: 16.9
Aromatics index, mass %: 7.2
Tetra aromatics, mass %: 0.4
C7 asphaltenes, mass %: 0.0015
Vacuum distillation
370-475° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 1.7
Yield on crude, vol %: 1.5
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.843
Density at 70° C., kg/l.: 0.803
Kin. vis. at 60° C., cst: 8.39
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 3.54
Sulfur, mass %: 0.04
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.14
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 33
Refractive index @ 70° C.: 1.4614
Molecular mass: 388
UOP K-factor: 12.7
Ring index, mass %: 16.6
Aromatics index, mass %: 7.3
Tetra aromatics, mass %: 0.4
Microcarb. residue, mass %: 0.01
475-525° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 0.1
Yield on crude, vol %: 0.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.872
Density at 70° C., kg/l.: 0.833
Kin. vis. at 60° C., cst: 34.7
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 9.82
Sulfur, mass %: 0.05
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 29
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.17
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 45
Refractive index @ 70° C.: 1.4858
Molecular mass: 529
UOP K-factor: 12.8
Ring index, mass %: 21.9
Aromatics index, mass %: 4.8
Tetra aromatics, mass %: 0.6
Microcarb. residue, mass %: 0.53
525-565° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 0.0
Yield on crude, vol %: 0.0
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.893
Density at 70° C., kg/l.: 0.855
Kin. vis. at 60° C., cst: 102
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 20.7
Sulfur, mass %: 0.06
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 76
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.16
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 50
Refractive index @ 70° C.: 1.4983
Molecular mass: 605
UOP K-factor: 12.7
Ring index, mass %: 27.1
Aromatics index, mass %: 3.8
Tetra aromatics, mass %: 1.5
C7 asphaltenes, mass %: 0.029
Microcarb. residue, mass %: 1.4
Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.02
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.3
565°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 0.0
Yield on crude, vol %: 0.0
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.918
Rel. density @ 25/25 °C., kg/l.: 0.913
Density at 70° C., kg/l.: 0.880
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 57.5
Kin. vis. at 130° C., cst: 20.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.07
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 246
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.14
Pour point (ASTM max.), °C.: 48
Wax content (Shell), mass %: 17
Wax content (non-Shell), mass %: 18
Congealing point wax, °C.: 60
Molecular mass: 680
UOP K-factor: 12.6
C7 asphaltenes, mass %: 0.84
Microcarb. residue, mass %: 2.6
Ash content, mass %: 0.084
Vanadium, mg/kg: 1.3
Nickel, mg/kg: 23
Penetration @ 25 at 15° C., 0.1 mm: 244
*FIA = fluorescent indicator adsorbtion.
Editor's note: Statoil's assay report contained the following: "A commercial assay was carried out on a representative sample of the crude. The contents of this report are for guidance only and Statoil accepts no responsibility for any errors that it may contain."
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