GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Statoil assays Volve crude

The field at the southern end of the Norwegian sector came on stream Feb. 12, 2008. The company published the assay on Oct. 13, 2008.

StatoilHydro estimates recoverable reserves of 78.6 million bbl of oil and 1.5 billion cu m of gas. Volve will produce about 50,000 b/d at its peak. Gas is piped to the Sleipner A platform for final processing and export.

Partners in the field include StatoilHydro, 59.6%, ExxonMobil Corp., 30.4%, and PA Resources, 10%.

Fig. 2 shows a true boiling point (TBP) curve for the whole crude. These data are from StatoilHydro.

Whole crude

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8768
Specific gravity: 0.8772
Gravity, °API: 29.8
Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8767
Sulfur, mass %: 1.72
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.04
rvp, kPa: 31.4
Pour point, °C.: 0
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 19.2
Kinematic viscosity at 40° C., cst: 9.41
>Nitrogen, mg/kg: 2,340
Vanadium, mg/kg: 28
Nickel, mg/kg: 4.2
Sodium, mg/kg: 1.2
Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: 6.41
Wax content, mass %: 8.8
Flash point, °C.: <10
Water content, mass %: 0.05

Pentanes to 65° C.

Yield, mass %: 2.46
Yield, vol %: 3.26
Density at 15° C, kg/l.: 0.6447
Specific gravity: 0.6447
Gravity, °API: 88.0
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 55.9
i-Paraffins, mass %: 34.3
Naphthenes, mass %: 7.4
Aromatics, mass %: 2.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 57.3
i-Paraffins, vol %: 34.7
Naphthenes, vol %: 6.3
Aromatics, vol %: 1.7
Vapor pressure, kPa: 127.9
RON: 75.3
MON: 74.3

65-90° C.

Yield, mass %: 2.76
Yield, vol %: 3.30
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7157
Specific gravity: 0.7158
Gravity, °API: 66.2
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 31.6
i-Paraffins, mass %: 25.4
Naphthenes, mass %: 30.8
Aromatics, mass %: 12.2
Benzene, mass %: 10.6
n-Paraffins, vol %: 34.1
i-Paraffins, vol %: 27.1
Naphthenes, vol %: 28.9
Aromatics, vol %: 9.9
Benzene, vol %: 8.6
Vapor pressure, kPa: 39.6
RON: 64.8
MON: 62.8

90-150° C.

Yield, mass %: 8.10
Yield, vol %: 9.18
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7537
Specific gravity: 0.7539
Gravity, °API: 56.2
Sulfur, mass %: 0.002
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 23.2
i-Paraffins, mass %: 23.5
Naphthenes, mass %: 35.0
Aromatics, mass %: 18.3
Benzene, mass %: 1.3
n-Paraffins, vol %: 25.1
i-Paraffins, vol %: 24.9
Naphthenes, vol %: 34.1
Aromatics, vol %: 15.9
Benzene, vol %: 1.1
Flash point, °C.: <10

150-180° C.

Yield, mass %: 4.24
Yield, vol %: 4.76
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7817
Specific gravity: 0.7820
Gravity, °API: 49.5
Sulfur, mass %: 0.039
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
n-Paraffins, mass %: 20.6
i-Paraffins, mass %: 26.4
Naphthenes, mass %: 31.4
Aromatics, mass %: 21.6
n-Paraffins, vol %: 22.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 27.7
Naphthenes, vol %: 30.6
Aromatics, vol %: 19.4
Total aromatics, mass %: 19.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 19.7
Diaromatics, mass %: <0.1
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphtalenes, vol %: 0.05
Aniline point, °C.: 51.0
Smoke point, mm: 25.0
Flash point, °C.: 35.0
Freezing point, °C.: <–60.0
Cetane index, D-976: 31.9
CCI, D-4737: 36.7
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.08
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 0.80
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

180-240° C.

Yield, mass %: 8.46
Yield, vol %: 9.14
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8120
Specific gravity: 0.8123
Gravity, °API: 42.7
Sulfur, mass %: 0.213
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.03
Total aromatics, mass %: 26.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 23.2
Diaromatics, mass %: 3.5
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphtalenes, vol %: 2.32
Aniline point, °C.: 55.8
Smoke point, mm: 22.0
Freezing point, °C.: -55.0
Cloud point, °C.: –43
Cold filter plugging point, °C.: <–45
Pour point, °C.: <–45
Cetane number: 48.1
Cetane index, D-976: 41.7
CCI, D-4737: 42.5
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.82
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 1.16
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

240-320° C.

Yield, mass %: 14.06
Yield, vol %: 14.54
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8479
Specific gravity: 0.8483
Gravity, °API: 35.3
Sulfur, mass %: 0.937
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.03
Total aromatics, mass %: 34.0
Monoaromatics, mass %: 22.9
Diaromatics, mass %: 10.9
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.2
Aniline point, °C.: 64.8
Cloud point, °C.: –18
Cold filter plugging point, °C.: –20
Pour point, °C.: –18
Cetane number: 55.1
Cetane index, D-976: 49.2
CCI, D-4737: 52.1
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 4.91
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 2.51
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 43
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.003

320-375° C.

Yield, mass %: 9.00
Yield, vol %: 8.94
Density at 15° C., kg/l: 0.8827
Specific gravity: 0.8832
Gravity, °API: 28.7
Sulfur, mass %: 1.79
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.04
Total aromatics, mass %: 41.8
Monoaromatics, mass %: 26.1
Diaromatics, mass %: 13.5
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 2.2
Aniline point, °C.: 68.9
Watson K-factor: 11.7
Cloud point, °C.: 9
Cold filter plugging point, °C.: 9
Pour point, °C.: 9
Cetane number: 59.0
Cetane index, D-976: 47.4
CCI, D-4737: 56.4
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.1
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 17.1 Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 6.27
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 2.28
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 560
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.021
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.473

375-420° C.

Yield, mass %: 5.87
Yield, vol %: 5.65
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9109
Specific gravity: 0.9114
Gravity, °API: 23.8
Sulfur, mass %: 2.03
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aniline point, °C.: 74.2
Watson K-factor: 11.7
Pour point, °C.: 27
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.1
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 19.9
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 4.89
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1,370
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.045
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.489

420-525° C.

Yield, mass %: 18.00
Yield, vol %: 16.96
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9304
Specific gravity: 0.9309
Gravity, °API: 20.5
Sulfur, mass %: 2.25
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aniline point, °C.: 77.0
Watson K-factor: 11.7
Pour point, °C.: 36
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 0.22
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 58.2
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 9.52
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 2,150
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.066
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.5

525+° C.

Yield, mass %: 26.09
Yield, vol %: 22.84
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 1.0016
Specific gravity: 1.0023
Gravity, °API: 9.7
Sulfur, mass %: 3.25
Aniline point, °C.: 79.8
Watson K-factor: 11.5
Pour point, °C.: 33
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 13.2
Asphaltenes, mass %: 1.6
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 5.5
Ash, mass %: 0.052
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 549
Kinematic viscosity at 135° C., cst: 104
Vanadium, mg/kg: 110
Nickel, mg/kg: 16
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 6,970
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.177
Penetration at 25° C., 0.1 mm: 195