Statoil late last year published an assay of its Norne Blend crude oil.
Norne lies in a license awarded in 1986 and embraces Blocks 6608/10 and 6608/11 in the Norwegian Sea about 85 km from Heidrun in water depths of 380 m.
Production began from Norne on Nov. 6, 1997.
Statoil developed the field with a production and storage ship tied to subsea templates. Flexible risers carry the well stream to the ship, which rotates on a cylindrical turret moored to the seabed. Risers and umbilicals are also connected to the turret. The ship has a processing plant on deck and storage tanks for stabilized oil (OGJ, Dec. 20. 1993, p. 27).
Gas has been exported from Norne since February 2001. It travels through the Norne gas export pipeline and the Aasgard transport trunkline via Karsto north of Stavanger to continental Europe.
The field is roughly 1,400 km north of pipeline landfall at Dornum, Germany.
The current partnership structure is Petoro AS (54%), Statoil (39.1%), and Eni Norge AS (6.9%).
Legend: 1 ND = not detectable; HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography; DVPE = dry vapor pressure equivalent. 2 Corrected in accordance with EN 228. 3 Calculated density for 525+ fraction. 4 Unable to distinguish between 3-methylheptane and cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclohexane. |
Whole crude
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8615
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8619
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 32.7
Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8613
Sulfur, mass %: 0.208
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.19
Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 23.7
Pour point, °C.: 9
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 14.1
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 5.56
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 390
Hydrogen sulfide, mass %:ND1
Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.3
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.9
Sodium, mg/kg: 12
Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: 37.2
Wax content, mass %: 8.2
Flash point, °C.: <10
Water content, mass %: 0.10
Pentanes to 65° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 1.35
Yield on crude, vol %: 1.77
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6518
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6518
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 85.6
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 44.8
i-Paraffins, mass %: 41.9
Naphthenes, mass %: 9.6
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 3.8
n-Paraffins, vol %: 46.4
i-Paraffins, vol %: 42.6
Naphthenes, vol %: 8.2
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 2.8
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 122.3
Research octane no.: 78.0
Motor octane no.: 76.1
Research octane no.: 277.8
Motor octane no.: 275.9
65-90° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 1.75
Yield on crude, vol %: 2.04
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7352
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7354
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 60.9
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 20.4
i-Paraffins, mass %: 21.6
Naphthenes, mass %: 44.6
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 13.5
Benzene, mass %: 10.3
n-Paraffins, vol %: 22.6
i-Paraffins, vol %: 23.5
Naphthenes, vol %: 42.7
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 11.2
Benzene, vol %: 8.6
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 36.1
Research octane no.: 72.7
Motor octane no.:70.8
Research octane no.: 272.5
Motor octane no.: 270.6
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
90-150° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 8.3
Yield on crude, vol %: 9.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7799
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7802
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 49.9
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 14.5
i-Paraffins, mass %: 14.7
Naphthenes, mass %: 37.1
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 33.8
Benzene, mass %: 0.9
n-Paraffins, vol %: 16.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 16.1
Naphthenes, vol %: 37.4
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 30.3
Benzene, vol %: 0.8
Flash point, °C.: <10
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
150-180° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 3.74
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.04
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7989
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7992
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 45.6
Sulfur, mass %: 0.013
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: <0.01
n-Paraffins, mass %: 18.4
i-Paraffins, mass %: 18.6
Naphthenes, mass %: 29.3
Aromatics, mass %: 33.7
n-Paraffins, vol %: 20.2
i-Paraffins, vol %: 19.8
Naphthenes, vol %: 29.0
Aromatics, vol %: 30.9
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 31.0
Monoaromatics, mass %: 30.8
Diaromatics, mass %: 0.2
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.07
Aniline point, °C.: 37.5
Smoke point, mm: 19.0
Flash point, °C.: 35.0
Freezing point, °C.: <–60
Cetane index (D-976): 24.7
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 29.1
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.06
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 0.75
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 160.5
180-240° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 9.01
Yield on crude, vol %: 9.43
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8234
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8237
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 40.3
Sulfur, mass %: 0.021
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 25.4
Monoaromatics, mass %: 19.1
Diaromatics, mass %: 6.3
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 4.02
Aniline point, °C.: 53.9
Smoke point, mm: 19.0
Freezing point, °C.: –48.0
Cloud point, °C.: <–49
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: <–48
Pour point, °C.: <–48
Cetane no.: 44.8
Cetane index (D-976): 38.5
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 38.6
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.92
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 1.21
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 207.4
240-320° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 20.67
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.75
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8581
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8585
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 33.3
Sulfur, mass %: 0.091
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.10
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 29.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 16.6
Diaromatics, mass %: 12.8
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.3
Aniline point, °C.: 65.0
Cloud point, °C.: –15
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: –18
Pour point, °C.: –15
Cetane no.: 50.7
Cetane index (D-976): 46.2
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 48.3
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 5.35
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.63
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 8
Basic nitrogen, mass %: <0.001
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 274.4
320-375° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 13.51
Yield on crude, vol %: 13.34
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8725
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8729
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 30.6
Sulfur, mass %: 0.236
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.18
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 27.5
Monoaromatics, mass %: 16.3
Diaromatics, mass %: 8.3
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 2.9
Aniline point, °C.: 78.8
Watson K-factor: 11.8
Cloud point, °C.: 12
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: 12
Pour point, °C.: 12
Cetane no.: 58.4
Cetane index (D-976): 50.4
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 61.8
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 20° C., cst: 17.3
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 6.40
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 2.35
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 86
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.004
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.468
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 335.7
375-420° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 11.03
Yield on crude, vol %: 10.72
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8861
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8866
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 28.1
Sulfur, mass %: 0.243
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
Aniline point, °C.: 91.1
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 30
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 16.1
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 4.81
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 240
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.010
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.473
420-525° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 18.74
Yield on crude, vol %: 17.91
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9016
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9021
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 25.4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.293
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
Aniline point, °C.: 97.2
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 42
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: <0.10
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 45.7
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 8.79
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 540
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.019
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.483
375°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 41.12
Yield on crude, vol %: 38.82
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9128
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9133
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 23.4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.359
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.17
Aniline point, °C.: 96.0
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 45
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: 2.55
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.5
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 1.1
Ash, mass %: 0.010
Kin. vis. at 50° C., cst: 78.0
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 12.3
Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.7
Nickel, mg/kg: 2.2
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1,000
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.033
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.492
525°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 11.35
Yield on crude, vol %: 10.19
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 30.9600
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9606
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 15.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.584
Aniline point, °C.: 99.9
Watson K-factor: 11.8
Pour point, °C.: 51
Carbon residue (micromethod), mass %: 9.61
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.50
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 4.2
Ash, mass %: 0.024
Kin. vis. at 100° C., cst: 122
Kin. vis. at 135° C., cst: 34.4
Vanadium, mg/kg: 2.4
Nickel, mg/kg: 7.9
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 2,390
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.072
Penetration at 25° C., mm: 290
Composition, mass %
Normal paraffins
Methane: <0.01
Ethane: 0.02
Propane: 0.16
Butane: 0.31
Pentane: 0.36
Hexane: 0.42
Heptane: 0.50
Octane: 0.58
Nonane: 0.55
Total n-paraffins: 2.91
C4 hydrocarbons
i-Butane: 0.11
C5 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylpropane: <0.01
i-Pentane: 0.29
Total C5 i-paraffins: 0.29
Naphthenes
Cyclopentane: 0.05
C6 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylbutane: 0.02
2,3-Dimethylbutane: 0.05
2-Methylpentane: 0.22
3-Methylpentane: 0.14
Total C6 i-paraffins: 0.43
Naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane (incl. 2,2-Dimethylpentane): 0.34
Cyclohexane: 0.60
Total C6 naphthenes: 0.94
Aromatics
Benzene: 0.34
C7 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane: <0.01
3,3-Dimethylpentane: <0.01
2,4-Dimethylpentane: 0.02
2-Methylhexane: 0.17
2,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.03
3-Methylhexane: 0.16
Total C7 i-paraffins: 0.40
Naphthenes
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.08
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.07
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.13
Methylcyclohexane: 1.28
Ethylcyclopentane: 0.06
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.04
Total C7 naphthenes: 1.65
Aromatics
Toluene: 1.40
C8 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane: <0.01
2,5-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
2,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.03
3,4-Dimethylhexane: <0.01
3,3-Dimethylhexane: <0.01
2,3-Dimethylhexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 0.04
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane: <0.01
2-Methylheptane: 0.17
4-Methylheptane: 0.06
3-Methylheptane: <0.01
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane: <0.01
Total C8 i-paraffins: 0.32
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane (incl. 2,2-Dimethylhexane): 0.04
trans, cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.03
trans,cis-1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.03
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.10
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.04
trans-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.02
cis-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.02
trans-1-Methyl-2-ethylcyclopentane: 0.03
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.11
2-Propylcyclopentane: <0.01
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.05
Ethylcyclohexane: 0.26
1-Propylcyclopentane: 0.06
cis,cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: <0.01
1-Methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane: <0.01
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (incl. naphthenic compound): 40.37
Total C8 naphthenes: 1.16
Aromatics
Ethylbenzene: 0.21
m-Dimethylbenzene (m-xylene): 0.89
p-Dimethylbenzene (p-xylene): 0.27
o-Dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene): 0.32
Total C8 aromatics: 1.69
C9 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
3,5-Dimethylheptane: 0.06
4-Methyloctane: 0.06
2-Methyloctane: 0.09
3-Methyloctane: 0.11
2,3,4-Trimethylhexane: <0.01
Unidentified paraffin: 0.03
Total C9 i-paraffins: 0.36
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.06
1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane: 0.03
1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclohexane: 0.09
1-Methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane: 0.06
1,1,4-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.04
Unidentified naphthenes: 0.04
Total C9 naphthenes: 0.33
Total identified: 12.37
Total unidentified: 0.10
Total C10+: 87.54
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