BP Oil International Ltd. in January 2009 published an assay of Azeri crude oil that is loaded for export at the Mediterranean Sea crude oil terminal at Ceyhan, Turkey.
Initially, Azeri crude is produced from a cluster of discoveries in the Caspian Sea, known collectively as Azeri, Chirag, deepwater Gunashli (ACG) field and contains some condensate from Shah Deniz gas field and other third-party crude oil from the Caspian region, according to BP.
Azeri Light (OGJ, June 19, 2006, p. 44) represents oil transported via the Western export pipeline that runs from Baku to the port of Supsa, Georgia, on the Black Sea. The oil comes from the ACG development in the Caspian Sea. Throughput is around 100,000 b/d.
To avoid confusion, BP refers to the load port to help distinguish between the grades: Azeri Light (Supsa) and Azeri (Ceyhan).
Azeri (Ceyhan) moves from Baku, Azerbaijan, by a 1,760-km (1,093 miles) pipeline to Tblisi, Georgia, and on to the oil terminal at Ceyhan.
Line-fill of the BTC pipeline began at the Sangachal oil terminal in Azerbaijan in May 2005; first export of crude oil from Ceyhan began in June 2006, according to BP's web site.
The BTC pipeline can move up to 1 million b/d of crude oil through the pipeline: 42 in., 445 km in Azerbaijan; 46 in., 245 km in Georgia; and 42-34 in., 1,070 km in Turkey, creating the first direct pipeline link between the landlocked Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean,
The VLCC loading capability of the Ceyhan terminal means that Azeri can move to markets in North and South America, Canada, Northwest Europe and the Pacific Rim in addition to the core marketing base in the Mediterranean region, says the web site.
Ceyhan can load 320,000-dwt tankers; minimum vessel size is 80,000 dwt with the minimum cargo size 600,000 bbl.
Whole crudeAPI gravity at 60/60° F.: 36.6
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8415
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.16
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0027
H2S, ppm (wt): 3.0*
Vis. at 20° C., cst: 8.21
Vis. at 30° C., cst: 6.31
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 4.99
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 4.04
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 3.34
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 1.78
Pour point, °C.: -3.0
Wax, wt %: 8.0
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 987
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 278
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.312
Carbon residue, wt %: 1.27
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.0285
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 0.3
Nickel, ppm (wt): 3.7
Iron, ppm (wt): 6.0
C2, wt %: 0.04
C3, wt %: 0.31
i-C4, wt %: 0.24
n-C4, wt %: 0.74
i-C5, wt %: 0.68
n-C5, wt %: 0.79
C5 to 95° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 5.70
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.97
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6868
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.008
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.005
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.131
Research octane no.: 68.2
Paraffins, wt %: 69.3
n-Paraffins, wt %: 27.4
Naphthenes, wt %: 27.8
Aromatics, wt %: 2.8
95-175° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 12.547
Yield on crude, vol %: 13.76
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7651
Sulfur, ppm: 0.026
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0067
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1.75
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.328
Research octane no.: 55.3
Paraffins, wt %: 43.1
n-Paraffins, wt %: 21.7
Naphthenes, wt %: 41.3
Aromatics, wt %: 15.7
C5 to 149° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 14.117
Yield on crude, vol %: 16.27
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7279
Sulfur, ppm: 0.017
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0054
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.02
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.227
Research octane no.: 63.4
Paraffins, wt %: 51.7
n-Paraffins, wt %: 24.4
Naphthenes, wt %: 38.1
Aromatics, wt %: 10.2
149-232° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 14.037
Yield on crude, vol %: 14.81
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7953
Sulfur, ppm: 0.034
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0080
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.13
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 0.89
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 12.9
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.411
Aromatics, vol %: 14.13
Smoke point, mm: 28
Freezing point, °C.: –57
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 44.0
Refractive index at 70 °C.: 1.4193
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.9
232-342° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 24.49
Yield on crude, vol %: 24.54
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8372
Sulfur, ppm: 0.091
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.0029
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.75
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 1.30
Cloud point, °C.: –13
Pour point, °C.: –14
Wax, wt %: 4.7
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 61.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 28
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.305
Smoke point, mm: 24
Freezing point, °C.: –13
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 58.3
Refractive index at 70 °C.: 1.4481
Aromatics, vol %: 15.09
Aromatics, wt %: 17.4
342-369° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 5.388
Yield on crude, vol %: 5.22
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8667
Sulfur, ppm: 0.186
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 7.07
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 2.52
Cloud point, °C.: 14.0
Pour point, °C.: 13.0
Wax, wt %: 13.1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 260
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 95
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.293
Aniline point, °C.: 84.6
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 67.2
Refractive index at 70 °C.: 1.4621
369-509° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 23.595
Yield on crude, vol %: 22.18
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8926
Sulfur, ppm: 0.202
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 17.4
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 5.92
Pour point, °C.: 32
Wax, wt %: 15.1
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 909
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 281
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.291
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.0001
Aniline point, °C.: 95.4
Refractive index at 70 °C.: 1.4744
509-550° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 4.248
Yield on crude, vol %: 3.88
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9179
Sulfur, ppm: 0.287
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 87.3
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 19.1
Wax, wt %: 13.9
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 2,120
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 608
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.255
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.011
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.004
Aniline point, °C.: 104.6
Refractive index at 70 °C.: 1.4888
550-585° C.Yield on crude, wt %: 2.793
Yield on crude, vol %: 2.52
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9300
Sulfur, ppm: 0.339
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 184.0
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 32.5
Wax, wt %: 13.7
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 2,770
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 776
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.236
Carbon residue, wt %: 2.67
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.0145
Aniline point, °C.: 107.0 OGJ
*Dissolved in liquid.
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