In Canada, calling Alberta green—even brownish green—can cause a ruckus.As home to the huge and important oil sands industry, Alberta faces big environmental problems: requirements for water and energy, emissions of air pollution and greenhouse gases, surface disturbance, and the need to handle wastewater and other byproducts, to name a few.Alberta also is Canada’s third largest provincial economy and its leader in revenue per person. It thus contributes mightily to a Canadian program for interprovincial wealth-sharing.As production of bitumen from Alberta’s oil sands has grown, so has criticism—mostly from other provinces—about the environmental conseq...