Operators and contractors are continually pressing the technology envelope in efforts to improve the reliability and efficiency of refineries.Two of the main areas of focus are the engineering design and turnaround stages, as they provide the best opportunities to build in reliability.Other main focus areas are process efficiencies, monitoring and diagnostics solutions, advanced instrumentation and controls technologies, and continuing improvements in catalyst selectivity and activity design.Refinery plant designThe current high demand for equipment and materials and the reduced number of suppliers has made it more difficult to get fast equipment fabrication schedules and good pricing for...